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Wikipedia on Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who is best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass-energy equivalence, E More »
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Einstein-Szilárd letter
The Einstein-Szilárd letter was a letter sent to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in August 1939 signed by Albert Einstein but largely written by Leó Szilárd in consultation with fellow Hungarian physicists Edward Teller and Eugene Wigner. The letter advised Roosevelt that Nazi Germany might be conducting research into the possibility of using nuclear fission to create atomic bombs, and suggested that the United States should begin researching the possibility itself. More »
Russell-Einstein Manifesto
The Russell-Einstein Manifesto was issued in London on July 9, 1955 by Bertrand Russell in the midst of the Cold War. It highlighted the dangers posed by nuclear weapons and called for world leaders to seek peaceful resolutions to international conflict. The signatories included 11 pre-eminent intellectuals and scientists, most notably Albert Einstein, days before his death on April 18, 1955. A few days after the release, philanthropist Cyrus Eaton offered to sponsor a conference - called for... More »
Gravitational redshift
In physics, light loses energy when it moves away from a massive body such as a star or a black hole; this effect reveals itself as a gravitational redshift in the frequency of the light, and is observable as a shift of spectral lines towards the longer, or "red," end of the spectrum. Gravitational redshift is sometimes known as the Einstein effect, although that is not the only meaning applied to that term. Light coming from a region of weaker gravity shows a gravitational blueshift. More »
Lieserl Einstein
Lieserl Einstein was the first child of physicist Albert Einstein and Mileva Marić and, according to some sources, died in infancy. Her actual fate is unknown. More »
Bohr-Einstein debates
The Bohr-Einstein debates is a popular name given to what was actually a series of epistemological challenges presented by Albert Einstein against what has come to be called the ''standard'' or Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. Since Einstein's closest friend and primary interlocutor in the "school" of Copenhagen was the physicist Niels Bohr, and since it was Bohr who provided answers to most of the challenges presented by Einstein, what was actually a friendly and fruitful... More »
Twin paradox
In his famous work on Special Relativity in 1905, Albert Einstein predicted that when two clocks were brought together and synchronised, and then one was moved away and brought back, the clock which had undergone the travelling would be found to be lagging behind the clock which had stayed put. Einstein considered this to be a natural consequence of Special Relativity, not a weird paradox as some suggested, and in 1911, he restated and elaborated on this result in the following form:... More »
Bose–Einstein condensate
A Bose–Einstein condensate is a state of matter formed by bosons cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero . Under such supercooled conditions, a large fraction of the atoms collapse into the lowest quantum state, at which point quantum effects become apparent on a macroscopic scale. This state of matter was first predicted as a consequence of quantum mechanics by Albert Einstein, building upon the work of Satyendra Nath Bose in 1925, hence the name. More »
Einstein refrigerator
The Einstein refrigerator is a type of refrigerator co-invented in 1926 by Albert Einstein and former student Leó Szilárd, who were awarded on November 11, 1930. The machine is a single-pressure absorption refrigerator, similar in design to the gas absorption refrigerator. The refrigeration cycle uses ammonia , butane , and water . It has been claimed that the Einstein refrigerator is portable, made of inexpensive, nonmoving parts, operates silently, and is very reliable. More »
Alfred Kleiner
Alfred Kleiner was Professor of Experimental Physics at the University of Zürich, and was Albert Einstein's doctoral advisor or ''Doktorvater.'' Initially Einstein's advisor was H. F. Weber. However, they had a major falling out, and Einstein chose to switch to Kleiner. More »
Einstein radius
The Einstein radius is the radius of an Einstein ring, and is a characteristic angle for gravitational lensing in general, as typical distances between images in gravitational lensing are of the order of the Einstein radius. More »
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