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Wikipedia on Applied mathematics

Applied mathematics is a branch of mathematics that concerns itself with the mathematical techniques typically used in the application of mathematical knowledge to other domains. More »
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Statistics
Statistics is a mathematical science pertaining to the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data. It is applicable to a wide variety of academic disciplines, from the physical and social sciences to the humanities. Statistics are also used for making informed decisions – and misused for other reasons – in all areas of business and government. Statistical methods can be used to summarize or describe a collection of data; this is called... More »
Cryptography
Cryptography is the study of message secrecy. In modern times, it has become a branch of information theory, as the mathematical study of information and especially its transmission from place to place. The noted cryptographer Ron Rivest has observed that "cryptography is about communication in the presence of adversaries", which neatly captures one of its unique aspects as a branch of engineering, and differences from, for instance, pure mathematics. More »
Probability distribution
In probability theory, every random variable has a probability distribution that assigns a probability to every subset of its state space in such a way that the probability axioms are satisfied. That is, probability distributions are probability measures defined over a state space instead of the sample space. More »
Random variable
In probability theory, a random variable is a quantity whose values are random and to which a probability distribution is assigned. Formally, a random variable is a measurable function from a sample space to the measurable space of possible values of the variable. The formal definition of random variables places experiments involving real-valued outcomes firmly within the measure-theoretic framework and allows us to construct distribution functions of real-valued random variables. More »
Probability
Probability is the chance that something is likely to happen or be the case. Probability theory is used extensively in areas such as statistics, mathematics, science and philosophy to draw conclusions about the likelihood of potential events and the underlying mechanics of complex systems. More »
Encryption
In cryptography, encryption is the process of transforming information to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge, usually referred to as a key. Encryption has long been used by militaries and governments to facilitate secret communication. Encryption is now used in protecting many kinds of civilian systems, such as the Internet e-commerce, mobile telephone networks and bank automatic teller machines. Encryption is also used in digital rights management to... More »
Numerical analysis
Numerical analysis is the study of algorithms for the problems of ''continuous mathematics'' . The earliest mathematical writing is perhaps the famous Babylonian tablet Plimpton 322, dating from approximately 1800 BCE. On it one can read a list of pythagorean triples: triples of numbers, like , which are the lengths of the sides of a right-angle triangle. The Babylonian tablet YBC 7289 gives a sexagesimal approximation of \sqrt{2} , which is the length of the diagonal of a... More »
Game theory
:''For other uses, see Game theory (disambiguation) or Game (disambiguation).'' Game theory is often described as a branch of applied mathematics and economics that studies situations where multiple players make decisions in an attempt to maximize their returns. The essential feature is that it provides a formal modelling approach to social situations in which decision makers interact with other agents. Game theory extends the simpler optimisation approach developed in neoclassical e... More »
Key (cryptography)
A key is a piece of information that controls the operation of a cryptography algorithm. In encryption, a key specifies the particular transformation of plaintext into ciphertext, or vice versa during decryption. Keys are also used in other cryptographic algorithms, such as digital signature schemes and keyed-hash functions More »
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics and computational biology involve the use of techniques including applied mathematics, informatics, statistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, chemistry, and biochemistry to solve biological problems usually on the molecular level. Research in computational biology often overlaps with systems biology. Major research efforts in the field include sequence alignment, gene finding, genome assembly, protein structure alignment, protein structure prediction, prediction of... More »
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