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Wikipedia on Arithmetic

Arithmetic or arithmetics is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics, used by almost everyone, for tasks ranging from simple daily counting to advanced science and business calculations. In common usage, the word refers to a branch of mathematics which records elementary properties of certain ''operations'' on numbers. Professional mathematicians sometimes use the term ''higher arithmetic'' when referring to number theory, but this should not be confused with elementary arithmetic. More »
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Binary numeral system
The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, is a numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols, usually 0 and 1. More specifically, the usual base-2 system is a positional notation with a radix of 2. Owing to its straightforward implementation in electronic circuitry, the binary system is used internally by virtually all modern computers. More »
Rational number
In mathematics, a rational number is a number which can be expressed as a ratio of two integers. Non-integer rational numbers are usually written as the vulgar fraction a/b, where ''b'' is not zero. Each rational number can be written in infinitely many forms, such as 3/ More »
Multiplication
:''This article is about multiplication in mathematics. For multiplication in music, see multiplication (music). For the social networking website, see Multiply (website). For the record label, see Multiply Records.'' In mathematics, multiplication is an elementary arithmetic operation. When one of the numbers is a whole number, multiplication is the repeated sum of the other number. :\displaystyle a \times n More »
Decimal
The decimal numeral system has ten as its base. It is the most widely used numeral system, perhaps because humans have four fingers and a thumb on each hand, giving a total of ten digits over both hands. More »
Floating point
Floating-point is a numeral-interpretation system in which a string of digits represents a real number. A system of arithmetic is defined that allows these representations to be manipulated with results that are similar to the arithmetic operations over real numbers. The representation uses an explicit designation of where the radix point is to be placed relative to that string. The designated location of the radix point is permitted to be far to the left or right of the digit string,... More »
Two's complement
The two's complement of a binary number is the value obtained by subtracting the number from a large power of two . A two's-complement system or two's-complement arithmetic is a system in which negative numbers are represented by the two's complement of the absolute value; this system is the most common method of representing signed integers on computers. In such a system, a number is negated by computing its two's complement. The two's-complement system is ubiquitous today because it... More »
0 (number)
:''This page is about the number and digit 0. For other uses, see "zero" or 0.'' 0 is both a number and a numerical digit used to represent that number in numerals. It plays a central role in mathematics as the additive identity of the integers, real numbers, and many other algebraic structures. As a digit, zero is used as a placeholder in place value systems. Historically, it was the last digit to come into use. In the English language, zero may also be called null or nil when a number, ... More »
Division (mathematics)
In mathematics, especially in elementary arithmetic, division is an arithmetic operation which is the inverse of multiplication. Specifically, if ''c'' times ''b'' equals ''a'', written: :c \times b More »
Hexadecimal
In mathematics and computer science, hexadecimal, ''base-'', or simply hex, is a numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16, usually written using the symbols 0–9 and A–F, or a–f. For example, the decimal numeral 79, whose binary representation is 01001111, is 4F in hexadecimal . IBM introduced the current hexadecimal system to the computing world; an earlier version, using the digits 0–9 and u–z, had been introduced in 1956, and had been used by the Bendix... More »
Fraction (mathematics)
*''For other meanings of the word 'fraction', see fraction (disambiguation)'' In mathematics, a fraction is a way of expressing a number of equal parts. A fraction consists of two numbers, a numerator which gives the number of equal parts and a denominator which gives the number of those parts that make up a whole. For example, the fraction could be used to represent three equal parts of a cake, where the whole cake is divided into four equal parts. More »
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